Abstract

Dalit literature has emerged as a powerful voice of resistance and identity in modern Indian writing, reflecting the socio-political struggles and aspirations of historically marginalized communities. Rooted in the lived experiences of caste oppression, Dalit consciousness in literature has evolved from early expressions of pain and protest to complex articulations of identity, resistance, and empowerment. This paper traces the evolution of Dalit consciousness in Indian literature, exploring its historical roots, thematic developments, linguistic diversity, and socio-political impact. Through critical analysis of key literary works and movements, the study highlights how Dalit writing has challenged Brahmanical hegemony, reshaped Indian literary canon, and contributed to broader discourses on social justice and human dignity.